Chicago A (Footnote and Bibliography)

Chicago A (Footnotes and bibliography)

Chicago has two styles.

This guide is for Chicago A: notes (footnotes) and bibliography.

(The other style, Chicago B, is an author-date style).

Chicago A is a footnote style with two key components:

1. A citation appears as a footnote (or endnote), corresponding to a superscripted number in the text.

2. A bibliography at the end of the paper, alphabetically listing, by author family name, all references used in the text.

Note: A bibliography is the same as a reference list; bibliography is the label used in footnoting styles, reference lists are used in author-date styles. Make sure to use the correct label.

The following resources have been used to prepare the examples

• The Chicago Manual of Style. 2017. 17th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
• Turabian, Kate. 2018. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. Ninth edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

These are referred to as the "Manual" and "Turabian," respectively.

• General Style Notes
• Book
• Journal article
• Newspaper
• Websites and social media
• Film, video, gaming and apps
• Music and audio
• Reports
• Including images in your work
• Referring to images/artworks
• Personal communication
• Unpublished: Performances, transcriptions, manuscripts