Liner notes

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

No author

34. Composer/Performer, Title of recording, Label & Publisher number, date, format, liner notes, page number.

With an author

22. Author of notes, [liner notes to] Composer/Performer, Title, Label & Publisher number, date, format, page number.

Footnote examples

No author

13. Idea of North, The Gospel Project, Magnetic Records 934 128-4, 2006, compact disc, liner notes.

With an author

22. David Cairns, liner notes to Hector Berlioz, The Complete Works, Warner Classics 190295519414, 2019, compact disc, 40.

Second and subsequent entries:

36. Idea of North, liner notes.

OR

45. Cairns, liner notes, 42.

Style notes for this reference type

• Liner notes accompanying a sound recording may be treated like a preface to a book. See Chicago Manual of Style, 14.110.
• See this brief note in the Chicago Manual Q&A section, and Manual 14.263. Please check with your lecturer if you are unsure of how to deal with citation of liner notes.
• The citation is for the author of the notes, so author's name comes first.
• If there is no separate author indicated for the liner notes, simply add 'liner notes to...' before the title of the sound recording.
• Include any information about the work that is relevant, including performers, conductors, performance dates, medium and publisher details.
• For the date, include the date of the recording, the copyright date or published date included with the recording. If a date cannot be found consult a library catalog or other resource; citations without a date are generally unacceptable. If no date can be found, use “n.d.” (for no date).
• If the notes are titled, include the title in quotation marks after the author's name.
• Publisher numbers can be found on the CD liner notes or track listing.