Sound recording: Streamed online
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
21. "Track title", streaming service, track number on Composer, Title, Label & Publisher number, year, URL (if available).
OR
33. Composer, Title, streaming service, Label & Publisher number, year, URL (if available).
Footnote example
First entry:
21. "So What," Spotify, track 1 on Miles Davis, Kind of Blue, Columbia, 1959, https://open.spotify.com/track/4vLYewWIvqHfKtJDk8c8tq.
Second and subsequent entries:
55. Davis, "So What."
OR
First entry:
33. Miles Davis, Early Milestones: Original Recordings 1945-1949, Naxos Music Library, Naxos Jazz Legends, 2002.
Second and subsequent entries:
45. Davis, Early Milestones.
Format for bibliography
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Composer (Surname, First name). "Track title." Track number on Title. Details of recording. Label & Publisher number, Year, streaming service. URL (if available).
OR
Composer (Surname, First name). Title. Details of recording. Label & Publisher number, year, streaming service. URL (if available).
Bibliography entry examples
Davis, Miles. "So What". Track 1 on Kind of Blue. Recorded 1959. Columbia CL 1355, Spotify. https://open.spotify.com/track/4vLYewWIvqHfKtJDk8c8tq.
OR
Davis, Miles. Early Milestones: Original Recordings 1945-1949. Naxos Jazz Legends 8.120607, 2002, Naxos Music Library.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 14.263.
- Italicise the official title of the album, but individual track titles should be included in quotation marks (Manual 8.197).
- If the performer or conductor (or similar) is more relevant than the composer, they may be listed first.
- Include any information about the work that is relevant, including performers, conductors, performance dates, medium and publisher details.
- Include the name of the streaming service as part of the citation. If a separate URL can be determined from the source, include that at the end.
- For the date, include the date of the recording, the copyright date or published date included with the recording. If a date cannot be found consult a library catalogue or other resource; citations without a date are generally unacceptable. If no date can be found, use “n.d.” (for no date).
- Sound recordings should be grouped under an appropriate subheading in the bibliography (see Chicago Manual, chapter 14.263 and 14.63).
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