Live performance - music
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
Live performance - music may include (but is not limited to) music, theatre, dance, music theatre or spoken word performances. This entry is for music performances only. For other live performances, refer to live performance - dance or theatre.
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
1. Performer(s), Title of Work (Description Title if relevant), by Composer, Venue, Place of Performance, Date of Performance.
Footnote example
First entry:
4. Olli Mustonen, pianist and director, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Piano Concerto no. 5 (Emperor) by Ludwig van Beethoven, Melbourne Recital Centre, Melbourne, April 21, 2012.
Second and subsequent entries:
17. Mustonen, Piano Concerto no. 5.
Format for bibliography
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Citations of live performances can generally be omitted from the bibliography, however they should be included if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.
Performers (Surname, Given). Title of Work (Description Title if relevant) by Composer. Venue, Place of Performance, Date of Performance.
Bibliography entry example
Mustonen, Olli, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. Piano Concerto no. 5 (Emperor) by Ludwig van Beethoven. Melbourne Recital Centre, Melbourne, April 21, 2012.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 14.266 and Turabian 17.8.2.
- Live performances do not generally require a bibliography entry, however they can be included if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.
- Many musical works are known by their generic names, such as 'Symphony no. 1' or 'Sonata in A major', while some have descriptive or popular names (such as 'Eroica' or Danse Macabre). See Manual 8.194 and 8.195 for guidance on whether titles should be italicised, in quotation marks or set in roman type.
- Second and subsequent entries should include enough information to distinguish them from other entries.
- If the performance of an individual is important to your research, list that person's name before the title of the work.
- There may be multiple performers, including soloist, ensemble and conductor. Include all information relevant to the resource.
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