Two to three authors
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
12. Author 1, Author 2, and Author 3, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal volume number, issue number (year): page number(s), DOI/URL/Database name.
Footnote example
First entry:
12. Charmian Brinson and Richard Dove, "Friends and Enemies: The Freier Deutscher Kulturbund and the British, 1938-1946," Angermion 5, no. 1 (Dec 2012): 144, doi: 10.1515/anger-2012-0006.
Second and subsequent entries:
22. Brinson and Dove, "Friends and Enemies," 144.
Format for bibliography
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, and Author 3. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, issue number (year): page number(s).
Bibliography entry example
Brinson, Charmian, and Richard Dove. "Friends and Enemies: The Freier Deutscher Kulturbund and the British, 1938-1946. " Angermion 5, no. 1 (Dec 2012): 135-146. doi: 10.1515/anger-2012-0006.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 14.168 - 14.187. Information on articles consulted online at 14.175.
- For articles consulted online, the preference is to include a DOI or stable URL. Sometimes a suitable URL will not be available, or will be restricted to subscribers to the database. In these cases, it is appropriate to list the name of the database used (Manual 14.175).
- For online articles that have been assigned a DOI, note that DOI is lowercased and followed by a colon (with no space after) in source citations.
- Access dates are not required by Chicago in citations of formally published electronic sources (see Chicago Manual of Style, Ch.14.12).
- If an access date is required (by publisher or discipline) they should immediately precede the URL, separated from the surrounding citation by commas in a note and periods in a bibliography entry.
- For articles consulted in print, omit the DOI, URL or database name from your citation.
- In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name of the first author only (i.e. surname, given name).
- Include both article title and subtitle, regardless of length.
- Italicise the name of the journal.
- Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
- In the bibliography, give the start and end pages of the article.
- In footnotes, cite specific pages (unless you are referring to the whole article).
- Do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
- If a journal is paginated consecutively across a volume or if the month or season appears with the year, the issue number may be omitted.
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