Three or more authors


Format for in-text citation

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

For the in-text citation, provide the author's surname followed by the page(s) cited, so long as the page numbering system appears consistently to other users.

Surname of first Author et al. Page(s) cited.

In-text citation example

Teenagers rely on mobile phones for safety (Miller et al. 23)


Format for reference list

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

First Author, et al. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.

Reference List example

Miller, P., et al. Mobile Phone Use by Teenagers. 2nd ed. Fictional Publications, 2000.


Style notes for this reference type

Elements of citation:

  • First author’s name, inverted, followed by et al.
  • Title of book (italicised).
  • Publisher’s name,
  • Year of publication.

See Handbook

  • In the reference list, for works with three or more authors, invert the first author’s name, and follow it with a comma followed by et al. (and others) (5.8)
  • Page numbers in the works-cited list (but not in in-text citations) are preceded by p. for page or pp. for pages (5.90; 6.16).
  • For books, the city of publication is not given, except in special situations (5.67).

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