Indirect source
Format for in-text citation
In-text citation example
Freud (qtd. in Smith 102)
Format for reference list
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.
Reference List example
Smith, P., et al. Introduction to Psychology: A Reader. McGraw-Hill, 1998.
Style notes for this reference type
Elements of citation:
- Author of indirect source.
- Title of book (italicised).
- Publisher,
- Date of publication.
See Handbook
- Whenever you can, take material from the original and not a secondhand source (6.77).
- If you quote an author’s quotation of a source you did not personally consult, put the abbreviation qtd. in (for quoted in) before the indirect source you cite in your parenthetical citation. Otherwise, you can clarify the relation between the original and secondhand sources in a note (6.77).
- The abbreviation qtd. in is not needed if your prose makes it clear that the source is secondhand (6.77).
Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks .