DVD and videos

Citations in Forms Other Than Print

The standards for source documentation in nonprint forms will change as media themselves change, but the aims will remain the same: to provide information that enables you to give credit to those whose work influenced yours and that allows your audience to both understand and retrieve the sources that you discuss (6.78).

Basic elements of citation:

These will change depending on what is being cited. For example, you are focusing on a key contributor to a work, such as Screenwriter, Director, Actor and so on, rather than the author.

• Title (in italics).
• Director,
• Production company,
• Year of release/ recording.

• If your discussion of a work focuses on the contribution of a particular person, place that contributor in the Author element, followed by an appropriate label – Spielberg, Steven, director. (5.40)

• If you are writing about a film or television series without focusing on an individual’s contribution, begin with the title. You can include information about the director and other key participants in the position of other contributors. (5.39)

• For works in a time-based media, such as audio and video, cite the relevant time span if it is displayed. Give the numbers of the hours, minutes and seconds as displayed in your media player, separating the numbers with colons, with no space on either side. (6.28).

• The location of a television episode in a DVD set is indicated by the disc number. (5.84)

For more specific information, consult the Handbook’s index under the type of work you are citing, or the element you are trying to find.