Two or three authors
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
Format for in-text citation
In-text citation example
Liker and Szekely (1997) state that…
OR
…was stated (Liker and Szekely 1997,799)
Format for reference list
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Author 1 Surname, First name [and] Author 2 First name Surname. Year of publication. “Title of article." Journal Title vol, no. x: page numbers. DOI/URL/Database name.
Reference list example
Liker, Andras and Tamas Szekely. 1997. "Aggression Among Female Lapwings, Vanellus Vanellus." Animal Behaviour 54, no. 4: 797-802. https://doi-org.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/10.1006/anbe.1996.0491.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 15.9
- In-text, cite specific pages (unless you are referring to the whole article). Do not use 'p' or 'pp' before the page numbers.
- In the reference list, invert the name of the first author only.
- Where there are three authors, include all author names in the format Author Surname, First name, Author First name surname, [and] Author First name Surname (for example: Myrberg, Arthur A., Martin Mohler, and John D. Catala).
- Reference list entries include the volume and issue numbers and the publication date. If a journal is paginated consecutively across a volume or if the month or season appears with the year, the issue number may be omitted.
- Additional information beyond volume and issue (for instance a season or month) may be included in parentheses after the issue number.
- Article titles are given in quotation marks. Include both article title and subtitle, regardless of length.
- Journal titles are italicised.
- The page range is included in the reference list.
- Additional information beyond volume and issue (for instance a season or month) may be included in parentheses after the issue number.
- For articles consulted online, the preference is to include a DOI or stable URL. Sometimes a suitable URL will not be available, or will be restricted to subscribers to the database. In these cases, it is appropriate to list the name of the database used (Manual 14.175). Note that DOI is lowercased and followed by a colon (with not space after) in source citations.
- For articles consulted in print, omit the DOI, URL or database name from your citation.
- Access dates are not required by Chicago in citations of formally published electronic sources (Manual 14.12). If an access date is required (by publisher or discipline), they should immediately precede the URL, separated from the surrounding citation by commas in a note and periods in a reference list entry.
Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks .