Screenshot from an artwork / film/ video
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
These examples show you how to reference images that you include in your work. They are based on the Chicago Manual, sections 15.3, 3.22, 3.27, 3.30 , 3.32 and 3.38. Please consult your lecturer or supervisor for specific requirements.
Images must have a caption, and a full citation in a list of figures. Give each image a figure number. You may abbreviate figure as fig. See Manual 3.23.
Format for captions
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Figure number. Director/Artist, Year, “Title/Description of screenshot,” Title of Work.
You may include information about the medium, dimensions and so forth. See Manual 3.22 and 3.27
Caption example
Fig. 10. Bruce Naumann, 1967-68, “Facing exterior, facing camera,” Dance or Walk on the Perimeter of a Square.
Fig. 11. Kathryn Bigelow, 2013, “Interrogation scene,” Zero Dark Thirty.
Fig. 12. Shawn Levy, 2016, “Christmas light Ouija board scene,” Stranger Things, “Holly, Jolly”.
Format for list of figures
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Figure number. Artist/ Director (surname, given name). Year. Title of Work. Medium, duration of work. Repository / Gallery / Museum, City. Date (of publication, modification or access). URL.
OR
Figure number. Title of Production. Year. Directed by Director/s. Place of publication: publisher. Medium/URL.
OR
Figure number. Artist/ Director (surname, given name), dir. year., Series Title, season, episode, "Title of episode". Access date, streaming service.
List of figures examples
Fig. 10. Naumann, Bruce. 1967-68. Dance or Walk on the Perimeter of a Square. 16 mm black and white film, 8: 24 min. Electronic Arts Intermix., New York. Accessed February 6, 2020. http://www.ubu.com/film/nauman_perimeter.html.
OR
Fig. 11. Zero Dark Thirty, dir. 2012. Zero Dark Thirty. Newtown, N.S.W.: Icon Film Distribution, DVD.
OR
Fig. 12. Levy, Shawn, dir. 2016. Stranger Things, season 1, episode 3, “Holly, Jolly”. Accessed December 15, 2019. Netflix.
Style notes for this reference type
- The minimum information to include in a caption for a screenshot is the director/artist, year, title of the scene, title of work.
- Titles or descriptions of screenshots should be placed within quotation marks, with the title of the larger work italicised and in headline style. See Manual 3:22
- Include a list of figures, using reference list format.
Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks.