Electronic Journal Article without DOI

You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)


Format for in-text citation

In-text citation example

Thierstein (2009) identifies…

OR

…was identified (Thierstein, 2009).

OR

The research suggests that "...females may have difficulty locating mates, potentially leading to reduced breeding success and population declines over time" (Parris et al., 2009, p.16).


Format for reference list

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author, A. A. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of publication, volume number(issue number), pp–pp. https://www.xxxxx

Reference list examples

Thierstein, J. (2009). Education in the digital age. Educause Review, 44(1), 33–34. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2009/1/education-in-the-digital-age

OR

Parris, K. M., Velik-Lord, M., & North, J. M. A. (2009). Frogs call at a higher pitch in traffic noise. Ecology and Society, 14(1), 1–24. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss1/art25/

Make sure you read the style notes below


In-text citation style notes

APA 7 Publication Manual, p.266

  • In the text, for a work with one or two authors, include the author name(s) in every citation.
  • In the text, for a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every in-text citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.
  • If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page number/s in the in-text citation after the year.

Reference list style notes

APA 7 Publication Manual, p.317

  • In the reference list, provide surnames and initials for up to and including 20 authors. When there are two to 20 authors, use an ampersand before the final author's name.
  • Article title: Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns. Do not italicise the title or place quotation marks around it. Finish the element with a period.
  • Journal title: Give the journal title in full, in uppercase and lowercase letters, e.g. 'Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews'. Italicise the name of the periodical.
  • Publication information: Give the volume number after the journal title and italicise it. Do not use Vol. before the number.
  • Where a DOI is not available a non-database URL is included after the period for the publication information. Do not place a period after the URL.
  • Where a DOI is not available and the article was retrieved from a library database, do not provide the database URL, but end the reference list entry with the Publication information (Volume, issue, page numbers). This is similar to the style used for the print version of journal articles.
  • To cite a pre-publication version of an article, add Advance online publication. before the URL information.

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