Electronic Book (and Audiobook)

Reference list

Reference list template (ebook with DOI)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Reference list example

Blair, L. (2016). Writing a graduate thesis or dissertation. Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-426-8

Reference list template (ebook without DOI)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. http://xxxx

Freeman, M. (1898). Silence, and other stories. Harper and Brothers. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76948

Tips for this reference type

In-text

• For major reference works with a large number of editors, use the name of the lead editor followed by et al. and, in parentheses, the year.
• If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
• In the text, for a work with three or more editors, include the name of only the first editor plus "et al." in every in-text citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.

Reference list

APA 7 Publication Manual, pp. 282, 295-301

APA Style references for online and print works are largely the same.

• The source element includes information about where the work came from (the book's publisher).
• Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version.
• Where a DOI is not available a URL is included, but database URLs are not included here - only much more unique and proprietory URLs.
• For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.
• When you have used an audiobook versus a book or an ebook and the content is the same, it is not necessary to note. Do note that only when the content is abridged or different.
• Provide the name of the database or archive when it publishes works available only in that database.
• Some archival documents (e.g., monographs, dissertations, etc.), can only be found in electronic databases such as ERIC or JStor. When the document is not easily located through its primary publishing channels, give the home or entry page URL for the online archive.
• Do not include database information for works obtained from most academic research databases or platforms because works in these resources are widely available.
• Most reference list entries end with either a DOI or a URL. URLs in references should link directly to the cited work when possible.
• Do not insert a hyphen if you need to break a URL across lines. Instead, break the URL before punctuation. (An exception would be http://). Do not add a period after the URL. This is not a style issue, but a retrieval issue.