No author


You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)


Format for in-text citation

In-text citation example

…the significance of these finds has been questioned in the media (New York Times 2002).

Format for reference list

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Title of newspaper. Year of publication. "Title of article." Month, day and year of publication. DOI/URL/Database name.

Reference list example

New York Times. 2002. “Oldest Bacteria Fossils? Or Are They Merely Tiny Rock Flaws?” March 12, 2002. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/12/science/oldest-bacteria-fossils-or-are-they-merely-tiny-rock-flaws.html.

Style notes for this reference type

  • If a newspaper article is unsigned, the title of the newspaper stands in place of the author, see Manual 15.49
  • Article titles are included in quotation marks.
  • Newspaper titles are italicised.
  • In the reference list, invert the name of the first author only.
  • Omit the initial The for English language newspaper titles.
  • If the title does not include the city name, add it to the title in brackets (unless it is a well known publication like Wall Street Journal.)
  • If there is no article title, give the article type (not in quotation marks). For example: Obituary, Editorial.
  • In circumstances where news stories are unfolding over time, it may be appropriate to include a time-stamp where one is included with the article. List the time as posted, with the timezone as appropriate (i.e. 3:55 pm EST). See Manual 14.191.
  • You may include the specific edition if relevant. e.g. final edition; afternoon edition.
  • If the paper is published in several sections, the section number or name may be given.
  • Use a section title instead of article title if appropriate, but do not put in quotation marks. e.g. Editorial. Obituary for John Smith.
  • Page numbers are not required for reference lists or in-text citations.
  • To reference an article consulted online, include the URL. For articles consulted in print, omit the DOI or URL.

Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks .


View Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Access all referencing FAQs Access further help