No author
Format for in-text citation
In-text citation example
…which draws upon the latest research ("Oldest bacteria fossils" 14)
Format for reference list
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
"Title of article." Name of Newspaper, Date, page number(s).
Reference list example
"Oldest Bacteria Fossils? Or Are They Merely Tiny Rock Flaws?" New York Times, 12 Mar. 2002, p. 14.
Style notes for this reference type
See Handbook
Consult the index of the Handbook for Anonymous Works and Newspapers.
- When a work is published without an author’s name, do not list the author as “Anonymous”. Instead, skip the author element and begin the entry with the title (5.3).
- When an entry in the works-cited list begins with the title of the work, the title may appear in the text as prose or in the parenthetical citation (6.9-6.10).
- Titles should be shortened to their opening noun phrase in your prose and in-text citations for concision (6.10), after the title is stated in full at first reference (2.120).
- For very long titles in your prose, include the beginning of the title and shorten it up to the first noun (2.123).
- The names of months that are longer than four letters are abbreviated to three letters (e.g. Jan.) except September (Sept.). See Abbreviations, Appendix One of the Handbook.
- You need not add the city of publication for the name of a nationally published newspaper. For a local newspaper, if the city of publication cannot be found, add the city, not italicised, in square brackets (5.122).
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