Four or more authors


You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)


Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

5. Author 1 et al., Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

5. J. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), 20.

Second and subsequent entries:

25. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, 45.


Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, Author 3, and Author 4. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Evans, J., P. Grimshaw, D. Philips, and S. Swain. Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003.


Style notes for this reference type

  • See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
  • Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
  • In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
  • In footnotes, give the name only of the first author, followed by ‘et al.’ (Latin for ‘and others’).
  • The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all authors.
  • In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
  • In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
  • Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
  • For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.


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