Electronic Journal Article with DOI

Format for in-text citation

In-text citation example

There is a strong argument that cat shows privilege the enjoyment of the feline owners over the welfare of their cats. (Stone, 2019)

OR

Welch and Venkateswaran (2009) found that…

OR

…environmental considerations (Welch & Venkateswaran, 2009).

OR

Welch and Venkateswaran (2009) highlight some of the environmental concerns associated with wind turbines such as "locations with the best wind currents sometimes coincide with migratory paths of birds" (p.4).

---

Format for reference list

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of publication, volume number(issue number), pp–pp. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx

Reference list example

Welch, J. B., & Venkateswaran, A. (2009). The dual sustainability of wind energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(5), 1121–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.05.001

OR

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., … Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–472. https://doi.org/fg6rf9

Make sure you read the style notes below

---

In-text citation style notes

• If pages are being directly referenced in the text, include the page number/s in the in-text citation after the year.
• In the text, for a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every in-text citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.

---

Reference list style notes

What is a DOI?

APA 7 Publication Manual, p.316–321

• In the reference list, provide surnames and initials for up to and including 20 authors. When there are two to 20 authors, use an ampersand before the final author's name.
• In the reference list, when there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors' names, insert an ellipsis, (no ampersand), and add the final author's name.
• Title of the article: Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns.
• Do not italicise the title of the article or place quotation marks around it. Finish the element with a period. If the title ends with a question mark or exclamation point, that punctuation mark replaces the period.
• Title of the publication (Journal): Give the journal title in full, using title case (lower case is only used for stop words with three or fewer letters - except the first word in a title or sub-title), e.g. 'Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews'. Italicise the title of the periodical/journal.
• Publication information: Volume number (italicised)follows after the journal title. Do not use 'Vol.' before the number. The issue number (not italicised) follows within parentheses; followed by inclusive page numbers for the journal article. Place a period. Follow with the DOI or URL.
• Where a DOI is not available a URL is included, but database URLs are not included here - only much more unique and proprietary URLs.
• DOI numbers are often located on the first page of an article near the copyright notice. If available, they are included in the references retrieved by Discovery.
• For supplementary material available online, include a description of the content in brackets after the title, e.g., [Letter to the editor], [Map], [Audio podcast].

Relevant Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• How do I find a DOI?
• Should I add a DOI, as well as a URL in my reference?

Access all referencing FAQs Access further help