DVD, Film & Video


Format for in-text citation

In-text citation example

Aldenhoven (1992) followed sixty grey kangaroos to determine their lifestyle…

OR

The unforgettable pillow fight between Harry and Sybylla is an incident that in Victorian terms illustrates inappropriate, but innocent, tomboyish behavior (Fink & Armstrong, 1979).

Format for reference list

Elements, punctuation and capitalisation


Producer, A. A. (Producer), & Director, B. B. (Director). (Year of release). Title of production [Type of work]. Production company.

Reference list example

Aldenhoven, J., & Carruthers, G. (Directors). (1992). Kangaroos: Faces in the mob [Film]. Green Cape Wildlife Films.

OR

Cantrill, A., & Cantrill, C. (Producers & Directors). (1980). Two-colour separation studies [Feature film]. Producers.

OR

Clarke, P. (Executive Producer), & Appel, G. (Producer). (2003). Love is in the air [TV Series]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

OR

Fink, M. (Producer), & Armstrong, G. (Director). (1979). My brilliant career [Feature film]. ICON & Majestic Films.

Make sure to look at the style notes

Style notes for this reference type


APA 7 Publication Manual, pp.341–344


  • Either the producer's or director's name can be given (or both). Indicate the role in brackets following the name.
  • Describe the audiovisual work in square brackets immediately after the title, e.g.,"[Film]", "[TV series]", "[Audio podcast episode]", "[Song]", etc.
  • It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g., in a theater, on DVD, streaming online, etc.).  Specify that only if the film's DVD release includes a commentary or special feature that you used, or when the film is a limited-release educational DVD).
  • Behind the title, in the source element, provide the name of the production company for films, TV series, or podcasts; the label for music albums; or the name of the streaming video site that hosts a streaming video, e.g., YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWlQHqekXcw

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