Reports
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
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Individual Author(s)
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
23. Name of author, Title of Report (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number/s, URL or DOI (if consulted online).
Footnote examples
First entry:
23. Doug Marmion, Kazuko Obata and Jakelin Troy, Community, Identity, Wellbeing: The Report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 2014), 8, https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/products/report_research_outputs/2014-report-of-the-2nd-national-indigenous-languages-survey.pdf.
Second and subsequent entries:
55. Marmion, Obata and Troy, Community, Identity, Wellbeing, 16.
Format for bibliography
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Name of author (last name, first name). Title of Report. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication. URL/ DOI (if consulted online).
Bibliography entry example
Marmion, Doug, Kazuko Obata and Jakelin Troy. Community, Identity, Wellbeing: The Report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 2014. https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/products/report_research_outputs/2014-report-of-the-2nd-national-indigenous-languages-survey.pdf.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 14.220. See also Turabian 17.7.3.
- For guidance on citing more than one author, see Manual 14.76.
- Cite reports and pamphlets as you would a book. If any elements of the citation are missing, include enough information to identify the document.
- For sources consulted online, a URL or DOI should be included.
- For online sources, include a publication date (or date of modification/revision). If no such date can be found, include an access date.
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Organisation as Author
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
4. Name of Group/ Organisation, Title of Report (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number/s, URL or DOI (if consulted online).
Footnote examples
6. Ministerial Advisory Committee, Plan Melbourne Review 2015: Report by the Ministerial Advisory Committee (Melbourne: State Government of Victoria, 2015), 56, http://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/377133/MAC_2015_Final_Report.pdf.
Second and subsequent entries:
7. Ministerial Advisory Committee, Plan Melbourne Review, 54.
Format for bibliography
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Name of Group/Organization. Title of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication. URL/ DOI (if consulted online).
Bibliography entry example
Ministerial Advisory Committee. Plan Melbourne Review 2015: Report by the Ministerial Advisory Committee. Melbourne: State Government of Victoria, 2015. http://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/377133/MAC_2015_Final_Report.pdf.
Style notes for this reference type
- See Manual 14.220. See also Turabian 17.7.3.
- For guidance on listing an organisation as an author, see Manual 14.84.
- Cite reports and pamphlets as you would a book. If any elements of the citation are missing, include enough information to identify the document.
- For sources consulted online, a URL or DOI should be included.
- For online sources, include a publication date (or date of modification/revision). If no such date can be found, include an access date.
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Conference paper (online)
Format for footnotes
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Note number. Author , "Title of Conference Paper," (Paper presented at Name of Conference, Place of Conference, Month Days, Year): page numbers, accessed Month Day, Year, URL.
Footnote examples
First entry:
5. Masa Nogucchi, Hasim Altan and Liangxiu Han, "Occupants' Behaviour And The Impact On Home Energy Consumption And Indoor Environments: Demonstrated Through An Affordable House Selected In Scotland," (Paper presented at the Grand Renewable Energy International Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28 July - 1 August, 2014), 67-69. accessed January 30, 2018, http://www.grand-re2014.org/eng-conf/conference/index.html.
Second and subsequent entries:
6. Noguchi, et al, Occupants' Behaviour, 67.
Format for bibliography entries
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation
Author (Surname, Given name). "Title of Conference Paper." Paper presented at Name of Conference, Place of Conference, Month Days, Year. Accessed Month Day, Year, URL.
Bibliography entry example
Nogucchi, Masa, Hasim Altan, and Liangxiu Han. "Occupants' Behaviour And The Impact On Home Energy Consumption And Indoor Environments: Demonstrated Through An Affordable House Selected In Scotland." (Paper presented at the Grand Renewable Energy International Conference. Tokyo, Japan, 28 July - 1 August, 2014. Accessed January 30, 2018, http://www.grand-re2014.org/eng-conf/conference/index.html.
Before selecting a referencing style check with your tutor, lecturer or supervisor for the style preferred by the School or Department.
Introduction to the style
Chicago style has both an author-date system and a notes and bibliography system. This guide refers only to the notes and bibliography system.
There are two key components:
- Footnotes or endnotes.
- A bibliography.
Access to the full style manual
This guide is based on the Chicago Manual of Style, Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press, 2017.
The full style manual is available as a library eBook. Print copies are available from the University of Melbourne library. Consult the official manual for more information.
Footnotes
A footnote or an endnote lists the author, title, and facts of publication, in that order. Elements are separated by commas and the facts of publication are enclosed in parentheses.
The notes are usually numbered and correspond to superscripted note reference numbers in the text.
Authors’ names are presented in standard order (first name first).
Titles are capitalised headline-style (all major words).
Titles of larger works (e.g., books and journals) are italicised.
Titles of smaller works (e.g., chapters, articles) or unpublished works are enclosed in quotation marks and not italicised.
Give full details in the first footnote and abbreviated version in subsequent footnotes. For example:
First footnote
1. Kristin Otto, Yarra: A Diverting History (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2009), 12.
Subsequent footnotes
7. Otto, Yarra, 23.
Bibliography
In a bibliography entry the elements are separated by periods rather than by commas and the facts of publication are not enclosed in parentheses.
The first-listed author’s name, according to which the entry is alphabetised in the bibliography, is inverted (last name first).
Where there are four or more authors the footnote should give the name of the first author only, followed by ‘et al.’ The bibliography entry should include the names of all the authors.
Titles are capitalised headline-style (all major words).
Titles of larger works (e.g., books, journals and websites) are italicised.
Titles of smaller works (e.g., chapters, articles and web pages) or unpublished works are enclosed in quotation marks and not italicised.
For books, specify the edition for all editions other than the first.
Do not include personal communications, such as letters or informal emails, in the bibliography. These should appear only in footnotes.
The bibliography can be divided into sections (e.g. primary and secondary sources).
The Chicago Manual of Style advises against citations taken from secondary sources (i.e. “quoted in”), but check with your lecturer or tutor if you are in doubt. For more information refer to Chicago Manual of Style (14.260) (login required).
Acceptable abbreviations in the bibliography for parts of books and other publications include:
| chap. | chapter |
| ed. | edition |
| et al. | and others |
| rev. ed. | revised edition |
| 2nd ed. | second edition |
| ed. (eds) | editor (editors) |
| trans. | translator(s) |
| n.d. | no date |
| vol. | volume (as in vol. 4) |
| vols | volumes (as in 4 vols.) |
| no. | number |
| suppl. | supplement |
| s.v. | under the word |
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