Books and music scores

Entry in footnotes

1. Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

1. The Gardens of the City of Melbourne (Melbourne: City of Melbourne, 1993), 5.

Second and subsequent entries:

21. Gardens of the City of Melbourne, 14.

Entry in bibliography

Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

For example - bibliography

The Gardens of the City of Melbourne. Melbourne: City of Melbourne, 1993.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.79.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography, works without an author should appear alphabetically by the main word of the title (ignore ‘the’, ‘a’ and ‘an’). See Manual 14.79.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

2. Author, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

2. Kristin Otto, Yarra: A Diverting History (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2009), 12.

Second and subsequent entries:

22. Otto, Yarra, 43.

Entry in bibliography

Author (surname, given name). Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Otto, Kristin. Yarra: A Diverting History. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2009.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.75
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

3. Author 1 and Author 2, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

3. Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock, Practices of Gender in Late-Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Turnhout: Brepols, 2008), 123.

Second and subsequent entries:

23. Cassidy-Welch and Sherlock, Practices of Gender, 46.

Entry in bibliography

Author 1 (surname, given name) and Author 2. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

For example - bibliography

Cassidy-Welch, Megan, and Peter Sherlock. Practices of Gender in Late-Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

4. Author 1, Author 2, and Author 3, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

4. Kate Darian-Smith, Kay Schaffer, and R. Poignant, Captured Lives: Australian Captivity Narratives (London: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies Monograph, University of London, 1993), 19.

Second and subsequent entries:

24. Darian-Smith, Schaffer, Poignant, Captured Lives, 27.

Entry in bibliography

Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, and Author 3. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Darian-Smith, Kate, Kay Schaffer,and R. Poignant. Captured Lives: Australian Captivity Narratives. London: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies Monograph, University of London, 1993.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

5. Author 1 et al., Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

5. J. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), 20.

Second and subsequent entries:

25. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, 45.

Entry in bibliography

Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, Author 3, and Author 4. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Evans, J., P. Grimshaw, D. Philips, and S. Swain. Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all authors.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In footnotes, give the name only of the first author, followed by ‘et al.’ (Latin for ‘and others’).
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

The Chicago Manual of Style advises against citations taken from secondary sources (i.e. “quoted in”), as writers are expected to consult the resources they cite. This is to ensure the accuracy of the quotation or statement and also maintain its original intent. The examples here are provided for circumstances where the original source is unavailable to consult. Check with your lecturer or tutor if you are in doubt.

For more information refer to Chicago Manual of Style (14.260) or Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations - eighth edition (17.9.3).

Entry in footnotes

2. Author, "Title of chapter/article," Title of Book/Journal (publication details): page number(s), quoted in Author, "Title of chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Editor (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

2. Rosalind Krauss, A Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition (London: Thames & Hudson, 1999), 31, quoted in Sven Lutticken, "Media Memories//2005," in Moving Image, ed. Omar Kholeif (London: Whitechapel Gallery, 2015), 47.

Second and subsequent entries:

22. Krauss, Voyage, 43.

Entry in bibliography

Author. "Title of chapter/article." Title of Book/Journal (publication details), page number(s). Quoted in Author. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by Editor, page numbers. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Krauss, Rosalind. A Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition (London, Thames & Hudson, 1999), 31. Quoted in Sven Lutticken. "Media Memories//2005." In Moving Image, edited by Omar Kholeif, 46-49. London: Whitechapel Gallery, 2015.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.260 and Turabian 17.9.3.
• The use of secondary citations is not recommended. You should seek out the original source wherever possible.
• Where the original source cannot be consulted, you must list both the original and the secondary source in your citation.
• The format of the citations may differ depending on the type of documents you are consulting.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

6. Author, Title of Book, ed. Editor Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

6. Jacques Derrida, The Animal That Therefore I Am, ed. Marie-Louise Mallet, trans. David Wills (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 119.

Second and subsequent entries:

26. Derrida, The Animal That Therefore I Am, 91.

Entry in bibliography

Author (Surname, Given name). Title of Book. Edited by Editor. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Derrida, Jacques. The Animal That Therefore I Am. Edited by Marie-Louise Mallet. Translated by David Wills. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.104.
• Use the same format where there is a translator or compiler instead of an editor.
• Use abbreviations (ed., trans., comp.) in the footnote but spell out the words (edited by, translated by, compiled by) in the bibliography entry.
• Where both an editor and translator is listed, their names should appear in the same order as on the original.
• Where the item carries phrases such as 'Edited with a Foreword by...' the note or reference may be simplified to 'Edited by...'
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all editors.
• If the book has an editor in place of an author, the work is listed in the name of the editor. See Manual 14.103.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes. The shortened form does not include ed. or eds.

Entry in footnotes

7. Author(s) of chapter, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. Editor(s) (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

7. C. Kovesi, "Engendering Lust in Early Modern Italy: Pisanello's Luxuria," in Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, eds. Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock (Turnhout: Brepols, 2008), 141-2.

Second and subsequent entries:

27. Kovesi, "Engendering Lust," 149.

Entry in bibliography

Author of chapter (surname, given name). “Title of chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by Editor(s), pages of the chapter referred to. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Kovesi, C. "Engendering Lust in Early Modern Italy: Pisanello's Luxuria." In Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, edited by Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock, 137-150. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.107.
• Title of chapter is included in quotation marks and is not italicised.
• In the bibliography, give the page numbers for the entire chapter. In the footnotes, give only the page numbers being referred to.
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all authors of the chapter.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

8. Organisation name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

8. Museum of Victoria, Bunjilaka: The Aboriginal Centre at Melbourne Museum (Melbourne: Museum Victoria, 2000), 43.

Second and subsequent entries:

28. Museum of Victoria, Bunjilaka, 57.

Entry in bibliography

Organisation name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Museum of Victoria. Bunjilaka: The Aboriginal Centre at Melbourne Museum. Melbourne: Museum Victoria, 2000.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.84.
• Capitalise the first letter of every significant word.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

22. Author(s), Title of Book, (Place of publication: Publisher, year), section heading or chapter, URL/DOI/Format/Device/Database name.

For example - footnotes

First entry:

22. Brian McNair, Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World, (London: Routledge, 2006), under "Cultural Chaos and the End of Ideology," https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=nlebk&AN=157741&site=ehost-live&custid=s2775460

OR

22. Brian McNair, Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World, (London: Routledge, 2006), chap. 5, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).

Second and subsequent entries:

27. McNair, "Part II," under "Cultural Capitalism and the Commodification of Dissent".

OR

27. McNair, chap. 6.

Entry in bibliography

Author(s). Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year. URL/DOI/Format/Device/Database name.

For example - bibliography

McNair, Brian. Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge, 2006. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=nlebk&AN=157741&site=ehost-live&custid=s2775460

OR

McNair, Brian. Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge, 2006. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).

Style notes

• See Manual 14.159, 14.160 and 14.161.
• Include the URL, DOI or other device information as the last part of the citation.
• Sometimes a suitable URL is not available, or is only for subscribers of the database. In these cases it is appropriate to just include the database name (i.e. eBook Collection) (Manual 14.161).
• Refer to section and/or chapter headings in lieu of page numbers (Manual 14.160).
• Cite chapters in edited books as you would a print version.
• For books requiring a specific device or application to read, you may include that detail in place of a URL or DOI (i.e. Kindle. iBooks. Adobe Digital Editions EPUB) (Manual 14.159).
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

20. Title of Encyclopedia/Dictionary, s.v. “Title of Entry,” accessed Date, DOI (or URL).

For example - footnotes

20. eMelbourne: The Encyclopedia of Melbourne, s.v. "Street Lighting," accessed June 17, 2010, http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01432b.htm.

Second and subsequent entries:

27. eMelbourne, "Street Lighting."

Entry in bibliography

Well-known reference works (such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias) are commonly only cited in footnotes, however it is appropriate to include them in your bibliography if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.

Title of Encyclopedia/Dictionary. Access date. DOI (or URL).

For example - bibliography

eMelbourne: The Encyclopedia of Melbourne. Accessed June 17, 2010. http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01432b.htm.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.233.
• Online versions of encyclopedias should be cited like their printed counterparts (see Manual 14.232).
• References to an alphabetically arranged work cite the item (not the volume or page number) preceded by 's.v'. (sub verbo), which means "under the word". The plural form is 's.vv' (Manual 14.232).
• Chicago recommends including access dates for online encyclopedias and other reference works.
• Give the DOI when available, otherwise use the URL.
• Online reference works are normally cited in notes rather than in the bibliography, however the should be included if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.
• Publication details are generally omitted.
• For certain reference works it may be appropriate to cite individual entries by author, much like contributions to a chapter in an edited book (see 14.234). Include these citations in the bibliography.

Entry in footnotes

9. Author, “Thesis Title” (Thesis type, Academic institution, year), page(s), URL/Name of database.

For example - footnotes

First entry:

9. Emma Gillespie Perkins, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction: A Comparative Study of Two Art Educators" (Ed.D., University of Kentucky, 2004), 122-24, http://search.proquest.com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/docview/305172929?accountid=12372.

Second and subsequent entries:

29. Perkins, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction," 143.

Entry in bibliography

Author, “Thesis Title.” Thesis type, Academic institution, year. URL/Name of Database.

For example - bibliography

Perkins, Emma Gillespie, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction: A Comparative Study of Two Art Educators." Ed.D., University of Kentucky, 2004. http://search.proquest.com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/docview/305172929?accountid=12372.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.215.
• Title of thesis is included in quotation marks and is not italicised.
• If the thesis was consulted in print, omit the URL or name of the database.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

10. Composer, Title of Score (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

10. Igor Stravinsky, Rite of Spring (London, England: Hansen House, 1975), 3.

Second and subsequent entries:

31. Stravinsky, Rite of Spring, 4.

Entry in bibliography

Composer. Title of Score. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

For example - bibliography

Stravinsky, Igor. Rite of Spring. London, England: Hansen House, 1975.

Style notes

• See Manual 14.255.
• Published musical scores are treated in the same way as books. Additional information such as an editor's name or additional writers may be included where relevant (see Manual 14.104).
• Many musical works are known by their generic names, such as 'Symphony no. 1' or 'Sonata in A major', while some have descriptive or popular names (such as 'Eroica' or Danse Macabre). See Manual 8.194, 8.195 and Turabian 22.3.2 for guidance on whether titles should be italicised, in quotation marks or neither.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name of the composer (i.e. surname, given name).
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

31. Composer, Title of Work, ed. Editor name (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), URL/DOI/Database name.

For example - footnotes

First entry:

31. Modest Mussorgsky, "Reverie," in Complete Collected Works, ed. Pavel Lamm (Moscow: Muzgiz, 1939), https://imslp.org/wiki/Reverie_(Mussorgsky%2C_Modest).

OR

44. Heather Frasch, Collage (Paris: BabelScores, 2011), BabelScores Contemporary Music Online.

Second and subsequent entries:

45. Mussorsky, "Reverie."

OR

55. Frasch, Collage.

Entry in bibliography

Composer (Surname, First name). Title of Work. Edited by Editor. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. URL/DOI/Database name.

For example - bibliography

Mussorgsky, Modest. "Reverie" in Complete Collected Works. Edited by Pavel Lamm. Moscow: Muzgiz, 1939. https://imslp.org/wiki/Reverie_(Mussorgsky%2C_Modest).

OR

Frasch, Heather. Collage. Paris: BabelScores, 2011. BabelScores Contemporary Music Online.

Style notes

• Online music scores are treated in the same way as electronic books. The URL/DOI should be the last part of the full citation. See Manual 14.159, 14.160 and 14.161.
• Many musical works are known by their generic names, such as 'Symphony no. 1' or 'Sonata in A major', while some have descriptive or popular names (such as 'Eroica' or Danse Macabre). See Manual 8.194, 8.195 and Turabian 22.3.2 for guidance on whether titles should be italicised, in quotation marks or neither.
• Sometimes a suitable URL is not available, or is only for subscribers of the database. In these cases it is appropriate to just include the database name (i.e. BabelScores) (Manual 14.161).
• Include an editor's name wherever possible. This helps identify particular versions of a work.
• Any facts relevant to identifying the item should be included. It is not appropriate to just include the URL.
• DOI stands for 'digital object identifier' and provides a permanent and stable link to a resource. Use this in place of a URL where it exists.
• If no date can be determined from the source, include the date the material was last accessed.

Entry in footnotes

10. Composer (given name, surname), "Song/excerpt title," Title of Score, [edition] (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

3. N. Hefti, "The Odd Couple," The Eb Real Book Volume III, second edition (Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 2004), 43.

Second and subsequent entries:

7. Hefti, “The Odd Couple”.

Entry in bibliography

Composer (surname, first name). “Title.” Title of larger work, edition. City: Publisher, Year.

For example - bibliography

Hefti, Neal. “The Odd Couple,” The Eb Real Book Volume III, second edition. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 2004.

Style notes

• Published musical scores are treated in the same way as books. See Manual 14.269 and Turabian 17.8.5.3.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name of the composer (i.e. surname, given name).
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Entry in footnotes

27. Composer (given name, surname), "Title," transcribed by Transcriber, year.

For example - footnotes

First entry:

27. Amanda Rine, “Citrus,” transcribed by Josephine Bloggs, 2013

Second and subsequent entries:

32. Rine, “Citrus”, trans. Bloggs

Entry in bibliography

For example - bibliography

Style notes

• This example is for unpublished musical transcriptions.
• Neither the Chicago nor Turabian manuals deal explicitly with unpublished transcriptions.
• Treat published transcriptions as music scores
• Include additional information in the text if appropriate 
• For transcriptions of a recording, cite the recording itself
• Treat as unpublished work.

Entry in footnotes

22. Author of notes, [liner notes to] Composer (where relevant), Title, Performer(s) (Label Publisher number, Year).

For example - footnotes

First entry:

22. Michael Tucker, liner notes to Dansere, Jan Garbarek, Bobo Stenson Quartet (ECM 2146-482755178, 2012).

Second and subsequent entries:

36. Tucker, Dansere.

Entry in bibliography

Author (surname, given name). [Liner notes to] Composer (where relevant), Title. Performer(s). Label Publisher number, Year.

For example - bibliography

Tucker, Michael. Liner notes to Dansere. Jan Garbarek, Bobo Stenson Quartet. ECM 2146-482755178, 2012.

Style notes

• Liner notes accompanying a sound recording may be treated like a preface to a book. See Chicago Manual of Style, 14.110.
• The citation is for the author of the notes, so author's name comes first.
• If there is no separate author indicated for the liner notes, simply add 'liner notes to...' before the title of the sound recording.
• If the notes are titled, include the title in quotation marks after the author's name.
• Include a composer's name where relevant.
• Include a conductor's name in the list of performers if applicable.
• Publisher numbers can be found on the CD liner notes or track listing.