Books and book chapters, theses, encyclopaedia and dictionary entries

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

1. Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

Footnote examples

First entry:

1. The Gardens of the City of Melbourne (Melbourne: City of Melbourne, 1993), 5.

Second and subsequent entries:

21. Gardens of the City of Melbourne, 14.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

Bibliography entry example

The Gardens of the City of Melbourne. Melbourne: City of Melbourne, 1993.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.79.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Editor's name(s) should be followed with the abbreviation ed. (or eds.). Use the same format where there is a translator or compiler instead of an editor.
• In the footnotes, do not use 'p' or 'pp' before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography, works without an author should appear alphabetically by the main word of the title (ignore ‘the’, ‘a’ and ‘an’). See Manual 14.79.
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

2. Author, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

Footnote Example

First entry:

2. Kristin Otto, Yarra: A Diverting History (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2009), 12.

5. Karen S. Clippinger, Dance anatomy and kinesiology, 2nd ed. (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2016), 124.

Second and subsequent entries:

22. Otto, Yarra, 43.

25. Clippinger, Dance anatomy, 127.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author (surname, given name). Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Otto, Kristin. Yarra: A Diverting History. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2009.

Clippinger, Karen S. Dance anatomy and kinesiology. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2016.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.75
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

3. Author 1 and Author 2, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote Example

First entry:

3. Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock, Practices of Gender in Late-Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Turnhout: Brepols, 2008), 123.

Second and subsequent entries:

23. Cassidy-Welch and Sherlock, Practices of Gender, 46.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author 1 (surname, given name) and Author 2. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

Bibliography entry example

Cassidy-Welch, Megan, and Peter Sherlock. Practices of Gender in Late-Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

4. Author 1, Author 2, and Author 3, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

4. Kate Darian-Smith, Kay Schaffer, and R. Poignant, Captured Lives: Australian Captivity Narratives (London: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies Monograph, University of London, 1993), 19.

Second and subsequent entries:

24. Darian-Smith, Schaffer, Poignant, Captured Lives, 27.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, and Author 3. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Darian-Smith, Kate, Kay Schaffer,and R. Poignant. Captured Lives: Australian Captivity Narratives. London: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies Monograph, University of London, 1993.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

5. Author 1 et al., Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

5. J. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), 20.

Second and subsequent entries:

25. Evans et al., Equal Subjects, 45.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author 1 (surname, given name), Author 2, Author 3, and Author 4. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Evans, J., P. Grimshaw, D. Philips, and S. Swain. Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.100 and 14.76.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In footnotes, give the name only of the first author, followed by ‘et al.’ (Latin for ‘and others’).
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all authors.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

The Chicago Manual of Style advises against citations taken from secondary sources (i.e. “quoted in”), as writers are expected to consult the resources they cite. This is to ensure the accuracy of the quotation or statement and also maintain its original intent. The examples here are provided for circumstances where the original source is unavailable to consult. Check with your lecturer or tutor if you are in doubt.

For more information refer to Chicago Manual of Style (14.260) or Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations - eighth edition (17.9.3).

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

2. Author, "Title of chapter/article," Title of Book/Journal (publication details): page number(s), quoted in Author, "Title of chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Editor (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

2. Rosalind Krauss, A Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition (London: Thames & Hudson, 1999), 31, quoted in Sven Lutticken, "Media Memories//2005," in Moving Image, ed. Omar Kholeif (London: Whitechapel Gallery, 2015), 47.

Second and subsequent entries:

22. Krauss, Voyage, 43.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author. "Title of chapter/article." Title of Book/Journal (publication details), page number(s). Quoted in Author. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by Editor, page numbers. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Krauss, Rosalind. A Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition (London, Thames & Hudson, 1999), 31. Quoted in Sven Lutticken. "Media Memories//2005." In Moving Image, edited by Omar Kholeif, 46-49. London: Whitechapel Gallery, 2015.

Style notes for this reference style

• See Manual 14.260 and Turabian 17.9.3.
• The use of secondary citations is not recommended. You should seek out the original source wherever possible.
• Where the original source cannot be consulted, you must list both the original and the secondary source in your citation.
• The format of the citations may differ depending on the type of documents you are consulting.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Editor's name(s) should be followed with the abbreviation ed. (or eds.). Use the same format where there is a translator or compiler instead of an editor.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography, works without an author should appear alphabetically by the main word of the title (ignore ‘the’, ‘a’ and ‘an’).
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

6. Author, Title of Book, ed. Editor Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

6. Jacques Derrida, The Animal That Therefore I Am, ed. Marie-Louise Mallet, trans. David Wills (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 119.

Second and subsequent entries:

26. Derrida, The Animal That Therefore I Am, 91.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author (Surname, Given name). Title of Book. Edited by Editor. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Derrida, Jacques. The Animal That Therefore I Am. Edited by Marie-Louise Mallet. Translated by David Wills. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.104.
• Editor's name(s) should be followed with the abbreviation ed. (or eds.). Use the same format where there is a translator or compiler instead of an editor.
• Use abbreviations (ed., trans., comp.) in the footnote but spell out the words (edited by, translated by, compiled by) in the bibliography entry.
• Where both an editor and translator are listed, their names should appear in the same order as on the original.
• Where the item carries phrases such as 'Edited with a Foreword by...' the note or reference may be simplified to 'Edited by...'
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all editors.
• If the book has an editor in place of an author, the work is listed in the name of the editor. See Manual 14.103.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes. The shortened form does not include ed. or eds.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

7. Author(s) of chapter, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. Editor(s) (Place of publication: Publisher, year), page(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

7. C. Kovesi, "Engendering Lust in Early Modern Italy: Pisanello's Luxuria," in Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, eds. Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock (Turnhout: Brepols, 2008), 141-2.

Second and subsequent entries:

27. Kovesi, "Engendering Lust," 149.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author of chapter (surname, given name). “Title of chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by Editor(s), pages of the chapter referred to. Place of publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Kovesi, C. "Engendering Lust in Early Modern Italy: Pisanello's Luxuria." In Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, edited by Megan Cassidy-Welch and Peter Sherlock, 137-150. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.107.
• Title of chapter is included in quotation marks and is not italicised.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography, give the page numbers for the entire chapter. In the footnotes, give only the page numbers being referred to.
• The entry in the bibliography should include the names of all authors of the chapter.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the first author’s name (i.e. surname, given name).
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• Editor's name(s) should be followed with the abbreviation ed. (or eds.). Use the same format where there is a translator or compiler instead of an editor.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

8. Organisation name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page number(s).

Footnote example

First entry:

8. Museum of Victoria, Bunjilaka: The Aboriginal Centre at Melbourne Museum (Melbourne: Museum Victoria, 2000), 43.

Second and subsequent entries:

28. Museum of Victoria, Bunjilaka, 57.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Organisation name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, year.

Bibliography entry example

Museum of Victoria. Bunjilaka: The Aboriginal Centre at Melbourne Museum. Melbourne: Museum Victoria, 2000.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.84.
• Capitalise the first letter of every significant word.
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• In the bibliography, no page numbers are given for books. Give beginning and ending page numbers for book chapters.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.
• For online books, include the DOI (or URL) as the last part of the citation and refer to section headings in lieu of page numbers.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

22. Author(s), Title of Book, (Place of publication: Publisher, year), section heading or chapter, URL/DOI/Format/Device/Database name.

Footnote example

First entry:

22. Brian McNair, Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World, (London: Routledge, 2006), under "Cultural Chaos and the End of Ideology," https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=nlebk&AN=157741&site=ehost-live&custid=s2775460

OR

22. Brian McNair, Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World, (London: Routledge, 2006), chap. 5, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).

Second and subsequent entries:

27. McNair, "Part II," under "Cultural Capitalism and the Commodification of Dissent".

OR

27. McNair, chap. 6.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author(s). Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year. URL/DOI/Format/Device/Database name.

Bibliography entry example

McNair, Brian. Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge, 2006. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=nlebk&AN=157741&site=ehost-live&custid=s2775460

OR

McNair, Brian. Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge, 2006. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.159, 14.160 and 14.161.
• Include the URL, DOI or other device information as the last part of the citation.
• Sometimes a suitable URL is not available, or is only for subscribers of the database. In these cases it is appropriate to just include the database name (i.e. eBook Collection) (Manual 14.161).
• Refer to section and/or chapter headings in lieu of page numbers (Manual 14.160).
• Cite chapters in edited books as you would a print version.
• For books requiring a specific device or application to read, you may include that detail in place of a URL or DOI (i.e. Kindle. iBooks. Adobe Digital Editions EPUB) (Manual 14.159).
• Specify the edition if it is not the first edition.
• In the bibliography (but not the footnotes), invert the name (i.e. surname, given name).
• In the bibliography, works without an author should appear alphabetically by the main word of the title (ignore ‘the’, ‘a’ and ‘an’).
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

20. Title of Encyclopedia/Dictionary, s.v. “Title of Entry,” accessed Date, DOI (or URL ).

Footnote example

20. eMelbourne: The Encyclopedia of Melbourne, s.v. "Street Lighting," accessed June 17, 2010, http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01432b.htm.

Second and subsequent entries:

27. eMelbourne, "Street Lighting."

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Well-known reference works (such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias) are commonly only cited in footnotes, however it is appropriate to include them in your bibliography if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.

Title of Encyclopedia/Dictionary. Access date. DOI (or URL).

Bibliography entry example

eMelbourne: The Encyclopedia of Melbourne. Accessed June 17, 2010. http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01432b.htm.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.233.
• Online versions of encyclopedias should be cited like their printed counterparts (see Manual 14.232).
• For references to an alphabetically arranged work, cite the item (not the volume or page number) preceded by 's.v'. (sub verbo), which means "under the word". The plural form is 's.vv' (Manual 14.232).
• Chicago recommends including access dates for online encyclopedias and other reference works.
• Give the DOI when available, otherwise use the URL.
• Online reference works are normally cited in notes rather than in the bibliography. However, they should be included if they form a critical part of your research, or if they are frequently cited. Check with your lecturer if you are unsure.
• Publication details are generally omitted.
• For certain reference works it may be appropriate to cite individual entries by author, much like contributions to a chapter in an edited book (see 14.234). Include these citations in the bibliography.

Format for footnotes

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

9. Author, “Thesis Title” (Thesis type, Academic institution, year), page(s), URL/Name of database.

Footnote example

First entry:

9. Emma Gillespie Perkins, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction: A Comparative Study of Two Art Educators" (Ed.D., University of Kentucky, 2004), 122-24, http://search.proquest.com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/docview/305172929?accountid=12372.

Second and subsequent entries:

29. Perkins, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction," 143.

Format for bibliography entries

Elements, punctuation & capitalisation

Author, “Thesis Title.” Thesis type, Academic institution, year. URL/Name of Database.

Bibliography entry example

Perkins, Emma Gillespie, "Enacting 'Creative' Instruction: A Comparative Study of Two Art Educators." Ed.D., University of Kentucky, 2004. http://search.proquest.com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/docview/305172929?accountid=12372.

Style notes for this reference type

• See Manual 14.215.
• Title of thesis is included in quotation marks and is not italicised.
• If the thesis was consulted in print, omit the URL or name of the database.
• In the footnotes, do not use ‘p’ or ‘pp’ before the page numbers.
• Page numbers are not given in the bibliography entry.
• Use the shortened form for second and subsequent footnotes.